Oil on canvas; 34 ½ x 27 ¼ in. (90.2 x 71.3 cm). Boston Athenæum, Boston, MA.
When Adams commissioned a portrait of Thomas Jefferson by Brown in 1786, Jefferson reciprocated, and commissioned this one for himself. Although Brown had already completed a portrait of Adams in 1785, Jefferson wanted a fresh image, which entailed Adams sitting once again for the artist.
The Federalists of the 1780s had a glimpse of what America was to become — a scrambling business society dominated by the pecuniary interests of ordinary people — and they did not like what they saw. This premonition of America’s future lay behind their sense of crisis and their horrified hyperbolic rhetoric. The wholesale pursuits of private interest and private luxury were, they thought, undermining America’s capacity for republican government. They designed the Constitution in order to save American republicanism from the deadly effects of the private pursuits of happiness.